Youth have been at the centre of social justice movements throughout history. Young workers created many of our unions. Youth were key leaders of the civil rights movement of the 1960s in the United States, the Tlatelolco student massacre in 1968 in Mexico, the Soweto uprisings in South Africa in the 1970s, the “Noche de Los Lapices” in Argentina in 1976, Tiananmen Square in 1989, Arab Spring in 2010, and the Chilean student protests from 2006 to 2019. The largest youth-led protest in history was the 2019 march for climate action when an estimated 1.6 million students in 300 cities united in protests and school walk-outs around the world.
Yet many of our unions and workplaces are dominated by older workers and leaders. Too often unions have used young workers to “brand” union publications and websites, rather than build space and representation within the union and involve young workers in decision-making and strategy.
Around the globe, young workers - defined by the ITUC as being between 18 and 35 years of age - are likely to face lower wages and conditions, non-union, temporary, subcontracted, precarious and informal work. Young workers are more likely to be falsely labelled as “self-employed” or “independent contractors”. Young workers face exploitation in the workplace through cash-in-hand arrangements, unpaid and underpaid internships and training schemes, two-tier wage systems, wage theft, bullying and harassment. As the India Federation of App-based Transport Workers (IFAT) explains, the ‘gig economy’ with its vast majority of young workers, “is far from the emancipatory road to self-actualization and freedom. It has the same, if not more aggressive vectors of worker exploitation.” Over the next decade, the World Bank estimates one billion young people will try to enter the job market, and less than half of them will find formal jobs.
Young workers are not pushing for protection for their niche in society, but for a bold reorganization of society and labour to benefit all working people. We need trade unions organised and led by young people. We all need to see unions addressing issues of importance to young workers, such as climate justice, racial equality, access to decent jobs, equal pay, training opportunities and decent working conditions.
Organising young workers means confronting multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. A large number of young workers face racial/ethnic discrimination at work, in unions and in broader society. Over 70% of all migrants internationally are under the age of 20. Many young workers are women. Worldwide, 21% of young people are not in employment, education, or training. Young workers are most likely to be impacted by climate change.
Union campaigns and programs that are designed to increase the involvement of young workers in the union are likely to also need to address issues of gender, migration, informal work, including digital platform work, and climate change.
When unions do not analyse and discuss with young workers why and how multiple forms of intersecting discrimination operate, we concede these conversations to neoliberal and far-right entities. Europe’s far-right parties are gearing their anti-migration, Eurosceptic message to the young. Young European voters are responding with a rightward shift sometimes faster and farther than their elders. In the United States, 45% of white youth voted for Trump in the 2020 presidential election.
The Tool Box includes materials specific to Women and Gender Equity, Discrimination, Intersectionality and Implicit Bias, Anti-Racism and Decolonisation, Climate Justice and Informal Work